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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1813 | - 22 Mar 1813: Columbia County, Pennsylvania is formed with land from Northumberland County and Luzerne County, Pennsylvania.
- 13 Sep 1813: Fort Madison in what is now Lee County, Iowa is set afire and destroyed by departing American troops during the War of 1812. The Fort had been subject to multiple Indian attacks in the previous several years and was no longer defensible.
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| 2 | 1814 | - Aug 1814: British troops capture and burn Washington, D. C. during the War of 1812.
- 13 Sep 1814—14 Sep 1814: Francis Scott Key composes The Star-Spangled Banner during the British bombardment of Baltimore, Maryland.
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| 3 | 1815 | - 1815—1821: A depression lasts almost 6 years and into 1821.
- 16 Feb 1815: The United States Senate ratifies the Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812.
- 19 Dec 1815: White County, Illinois is formed with land from Gallatin County, Illinois.
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| 4 | 1816 | - 16 Jan 1816: Jackson County in the Indiana Territory is formed with land from Clark County, Jefferson County and Washington County in the Indiana Territory.
- 11 Dec 1816: Indiana becomes the 19th state.
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| 5 | 1817 | - 4 Jan 1817: Bond County, Illinois is formed with land from Madison County, Crawford County and Edwards County, Illinois.
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| 6 | 1818 | - 3 Dec 1818: Illinois becomes the 21st state.
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| 7 | 1819 | - 1819: Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio is incorporated as a city.
- 23 Oct 1819: The first segment of the Erie Canal opens in Oneida County, New York between Rome and Utica.
- 25 Oct 1819: Hamilton County, Tennessee is formed with land from Rhea County, Tennessee.
- 13 Nov 1819: McMinn County, Tennessee is formed with land ceded by the Cherokee Indians.
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| 8 | 1820 | - 1820: United States population — 9,638,453.
- 1 Feb 1820: Scott County, Indiana is formed with land from Clark County, Jackson County, Jefferson County, Jennings County and Washington County, Indiana.
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| 9 | 1821 | - 10 Aug 1821: Missouri becomes the 24th state.
- 3 Nov 1821: Calloway County, Kentucky is formed with land from Hickman County.
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| 10 | 1823 | - 24 Oct 1823: Obion County, Tennessee is formed with land from the Western District of Tennessee.
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| 11 | 1824 | - 1824: Graves County, Kentucky is formed with land from Hickman County.
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| 12 | 1825 | - 1825—1826: A depression lasts 13 months and into 1826.
- 26 Oct 1825: The complete Erie Canal opens in New York. It provides a waterway from the Hudson River near Albany, Albany County, New York to Lake Erie at Buffalo, Erie County, New York.
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| 13 | 1826 | - 1826: The Blacksnake Hills fur trading post is founded near the site of what will become St. Joseph, Buchanan County, Missouri in 1843.
- 4 Jul 1826: Former Presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die on the 50th anniversary of the formal adoption of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson is age 83, and Adams is age 90.
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| 14 | 1827 | - 6 Aug 1827: The United States and Great Britain agree to the joint occupation of the Oregon Territory.
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| 15 | 1830 | - 1830: United States population — 12,866,020.
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| 16 | 1833 | - 1833—1834: A depression lasts 9 months and into 1834.
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| 17 | 1834 | - 1 Oct 1834: Des Moines County, Iowa Territory is formed with land from the Michigan Territory. However, it is not yet organized and will not be organized until December 17, 1836.
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| 18 | 1835 | - 20 Jun 1835: Lucas County, Ohio is formed with land from Sandusky County and Wood County, Ohio.
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| 19 | 1836 | - 10 Feb 1836: Bradley County, Tennessee is formed with land ceded by the Cherokee Indians under the Treaty of New Echota.
- 2 Mar 1836: The Republic of Texas is established in territory claimed by Mexico.
- 6 Mar 1836: The Alamo falls at what is now San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas.
- 8 Mar 1836: Clarke County, Virginia is formed with land from Frederick County, Virginia.
- 2 May 1836: Meigs County, Tennessee is formed with land from Rhea County, Tennessee.
- 7 Dec 1836: Lee County, Iowa Territory is formed with land from Des Moines County. [The Wisconsin Legislature has jurisdiction over this land and will retain control until 1838.]
- 7 Dec 1836: Henry County, Iowa Territory is formed with land from Des Moines County. [The Wisconsin Legislature has jurisdiction over this land and will retain control until 1838.]
- 17 Dec 1836: Des Moines County is finally organized in the Iowa Territory.
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| 20 | 1837 | - 10 May 1837—1843: The Panic of 1837 begins. A depression lasts 6 years and into 1843.
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| 21 | 1838 | - 4 Jul 1838: The Iowa Territory is established, and many settlers soon begin to arrive.
- 1 Sep 1838: William Clark dies in St. Louis, Missouri at age 68. In 1806, 1 year after the completion of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Clark was appointed Governor of the Missouri Territory with a base in St. Louis. [He later lost an election to that post.] Clark greatly helped to smooth westward expansion by his skillful diplomacy with Indian tribes. He was eventually appointed Superintendent of Indian Affairs, a position he held until shortly before his death.
- 31 Dec 1838: Buchanan County, Missouri is formed with land from the Platte Purchase.
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| 22 | 1839 | - 27 Feb 1839: Lee County, Illinois is formed with land from Ogle County, Illinois.
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| 23 | 1840 | - 1840: United States population — 17,069,453.
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| 24 | 1841 | - 29 Jan 1841: Jasper County, Missouri is formed with land from Barry County, Missouri.
- 29 Jan 1841: Scotland County, Missouri is formed with land from Clark County, Lewis County and Shelby County, Missouri.
- 29 Jan 1841: Bates County, Missouri is formed with land from Van Buren County [later to be Cass County], Missouri.
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| 25 | 1842 | - 1842: John C. Frémont begins his first expedition to map the Oregon Trail at age 29. The expedition maps into Wyoming with its guide Christopher [“Kit”] Carson at age 32.
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| 26 | 1843 | - 1843: John C. Frémont completes the mapping of the Oregon Trail to the mouth of the Columbia River at the Pacific Ocean between what is now Washington and Oregon. Frémont is age 30.
- 16 Jan 1843: Rusk County, Republic of Texas is formed with land from Nacogdoches County, Republic of Texas.
- 17 Feb 1843: Appanoose County in the Iowa Territory is formed with land from Van Buren County and Davis County in the Iowa Territory.
- 4 Mar 1843: Larue County, Kentucky is formed with land from Hardin County, Kentucky.
- 26 Jul 1843: The plat of St. Joseph, Buchanan County, Missouri is recorded in St. Louis, Missouri.
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| 27 | 1844 | - 24 May 1844: Samuel Morse sends the message, "What hath God wrought!", launching the first telegraph line between Baltimore, Maryland and Washington, D.C. Morse is age 53.
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| 28 | 1845 | - 14 Feb 1845: Nodaway County, Missouri is formed with land from Andrew County, Missouri.
- 1 Mar 1845: Texas becomes the 28th state.
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| 29 | 1846 | - 25 Apr 1846: Navarro County, Texas is formed with land from Robertson County, Texas.
- 27 Apr 1846: Henderson County, Texas is formed with land from Houston County and Nacogdoches County, Texas.
- 27 Apr 1846: President James K. Polk breaks the treaty with Great Britain for the joint occupation of the Oregon Territory.
- 28 Dec 1846: Iowa becomes the 29th State.
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| 30 | 1847 | - 22 Jul 1847: The first Mormon emigrants arrive in Utah.
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| 31 | 1848 | - 24 Jan 1848: Gold is discovered in California.
- 2 Feb 1848: The Mexican War ends with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo. Mexico cedes California to the United States.
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| 32 | 1850 | - 1850: United States population — 23,191,876.
- 18 Feb 1850: Los Angeles County, California is formed.
- 4 Apr 1850: Los Angeles, California is incorporated as a city.
- 9 Sep 1850: California becomes the 31st state.
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| 33 | 1851 | - 15 Jan 1851: Webster County, Iowa is formed with land from Risley County and Yell County, Iowa.
- 23 Jul 1851: The Sioux Indians cede land in Iowa and Minnesota to the United States.
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| 34 | 1854 | - 1854: A large number of Ohio families migrate to Iowa. Also, there are migrations from Iowa to California during this period as a result of the Gold Rush of 1849.
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| 35 | 1855 | - 6 Mar 1855: Lancaster County, Nebraska is formed with land from Cass County and Pierce County, Nebraska.
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| 36 | 1856 | - 1 Jan 1856: The first railroad in Iowa is completed. It runs from Davenport, Scott County, Iowa to Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa. Along with steamboats, the railroad begins to significantly influence settlement of the state.
- 26 Jun 1856: Butler County, Nebraska is formed with land from Green County, Nebraska.
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| 37 | 1857 | - 1857—1858: A depression lasts 18 months and into 1858.
- 10 Feb 1857: Johnson County, Nebraska is formed with land from Nemaha County and Pawnee County, Nebraska. Tecumseh will become the county seat.
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| 38 | 1858 | - 5 Aug 1858: The first transatlantic telegraph cable is activated. [The insulation fails in 3 weeks. The first successful transatlantic telegraph cable will begin operation in 1866.]
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| 39 | 1859 | - 13 Feb 1859: The Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad is completed all the way from Hannibal, Marion County, Missouri to St. Joseph, Buchanan County, Missouri. It is the first railroad to cross Missouri. St. Joseph has been serving as a major wagon train staging ground and supply depot since the discovery of gold in California in 1848 and in Colorado in 1858.
- 14 Feb 1859: Oregon becomes the 33rd state.
- 28 Aug 1859: Oil is discovered in Titusville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania.
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| 40 | 1860 | - 1860: The population of Iowa is now 674,913, which is about 45,000 more people than the total estimated American colonial population in 1730.
- 1860: United States population — 31,443,321.
- 3 Apr 1860: The Pony Express begins service from St. Joseph, Buchanan County, Missouri to Sacramento, Sacramento County, California. Riders make the 10-day, 1,966-mile trip twice a week.
- 6 Nov 1860: Abraham Lincoln is elected President of the United States at age 51.
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| 41 | 1861 | - Jan 1861: Southern states begin to secede from the Union.
- 29 Jan 1861: Kansas becomes the 34th state.
- 9 Feb 1861: Jefferson Davis is elected President of the Confederate States of America.
- 4 Mar 1861: Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated as President of the United States at age 52.
- 12 Apr 1861: The Civil War begins when the Confederate Army attacks Fort Sumter at the mouth of the harbor in Charleston, Charleston County, South Carolina.
- 17 Apr 1861: Virginia secedes from the Union.
- 8 Jun 1861: Tennessee secedes from the Union.
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| 42 | 1862 | - 14 Feb 1862: Jefferson Davis proclaims Arizona Territory a part of the Confederacy.
- 15 Apr 1862: The Battle of Picacho Peak is fought 50 miles northwest of Tucson, Arizona, marking the westernmost battle of the Civil War.
- 20 May 1862: Congress passes the Homestead Act. A settler can now claim 160 acres [¼ square mile] of surveyed government land as long as he builds a dwelling, grows crops and stays on the land for 5 years.
- 27 Sep 1862: Umatilla County, Oregon is formed with land from Wasco County, Oregon.
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| 43 | 1863 | - 20 Jun 1863: West Virginia becomes the 35th state. [Berkeley County, Virginia is now Berkeley County, West Virginia.]
- 27 Jun 1863: The Battle of Gettysburg begins in Adams County, Pennsylvania.
- 3 Oct 1863: President Abraham Lincoln declares Thanksgiving a national holiday.
- 23 Nov 1863: The Battle of Lookout Mountain and Cemetery Ridge is fought near Chattanooga, Hamilton County, Tennessee.
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| 44 | 1865 | - 9 Apr 1865: General Robert E. Lee surrenders to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, Appomattox County, Virginia, ending the Civil War. Lee is age 58, and Grant is almost age 43.
- 14 Apr 1865: President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated at age 56.
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| 45 | 1866 | - 1866—1867: A depression lasts 18 months and into 1867.
- 24 Jul 1866: Tennessee is readmitted to the Union.
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| 46 | 1867 | - 26 Feb 1867: Barton County, Kansas is formed with land from the Peketon Territory.
- 1 Mar 1867: Nebraska becomes the 37th state.
- 18 Oct 1867: The United States takes possession of Alaska from Russia. The United States paid $7.2 million for the purchase, also known as "Seward's Folly."
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Abt 1811 - 1868 (~ 57 years)